Buying and Selling Homes: Glossary of Terms
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Amortization
Paying off a debt, such as a mortgage, by installments. The conventional amortization period for a mortgage is anywhere between 15 and 25 years. The shorter the amortization period, the less interest you have to pay.
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Appraisal
An estimate of a property's value.
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Asking (list) price
The price placed on the property for sale by the seller.
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Blended payments
Payments consisting of principal and interest components are paid during the amortization period of a mortgage.
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Broker
A person licensed by the provincial or territorial or state government to trade in real estate. Real estate brokers may form companies or offices, which appoint sales representatives to provide services to the seller or buyer, or they may provide the same services themselves. In some areas, brokers are referred to as agents.
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Buyer's Agent (also known as "Buyer's Broker" or "Purchaser's Agent")
A person or firm representing the buyer. A Buyer's Agent's primary allegiance is to the buyer. The buyer is the Buyer Agent's client.
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Buyer Brokerage Agreement
A written agreement between the buyer and the buyer's agent, outlining the agency relationship between the two parties and the manner in which the buyer's agent will be compensated. In some states or provinces, a buyer agency relationship arises automatically, without a written agreement establishing the relationship.
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Client
The person being represented by an agent. The agent owes the client the duties of utmost care, integrity, confidentiality and loyalty.
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Closing
The day the legal title to the property changes hands.
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Commission
An amount agreed to by the seller and the real estate broker/agent and stated in the listing agreement. It is payable to the broker/agent on closing and shared, if applicable, among those salespeople involved in the sale.
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Customer
A person who receives valuable information and assistance from a real estate broker or salesperson, but is not represented by that individual.
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Debt-Service Ratio
The measurement of debt payments to gross household income may include, in addition to the main wage earner's salary, salaries of other wage earners, commissions, bonuses, overtime, etc.
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Dual Agent
A real estate broker or salesperson acts as an agent for both the seller and the buyer in the same transaction. Both buyer and seller are the agent's clients.
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Equity
The difference between the value of the property and the amount owing (if any) on the mortgage.
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Financial Institutions
Banks, credit unions, insurance or trust companies.
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Gross Debt Service
The amount of money needed to pay principal, interest, taxes and sometimes, energy costs. If the dwelling unit is a condominium, all or a portion of common fees are included, depending on what expenses are covered.
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Gross Debt Service Ratio
ross debt service divided by household income. A rule of thumb is that GDS should not exceed 30%. It is also referred to as PIT (Principal, Interest and Taxes) over income. Sometimes energy costs are added to the formula, producing PITE, which moves the rule of thumb GDS to 32%.
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Listing Agreement
The legal agreement between the listing broker and the seller, sets out the services to be rendered, describing the property for sale and stating the terms of payment. A commission is generally payable to the Broker upon closing.
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Mortgage
A contract providing security for the repayment of a loan, registered against the property, with stated rights and remedies in the event of default. Lenders consider both the property (security) and the financial worth of the borrower (covenant) in deciding on a mortgage loan.
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Mortgage Broker
person or company having contacts with financial institutions or individuals wishing to invest in mortgages. The mortgagor pays the broker a fee for arranging the mortgage. Appraisal and legal services may or may not be included in the fee.
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Mortgagee
The person or financial institution lending the money is secured by a mortgage.
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Mortgagor
The property owner borrows the money, secured by a mortgage.
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Offer of Purchase and Sale
The document through which the prospective buyer sets out the price and conditions under which he or she will buy the property.
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Real Estate Board
non-profit organization representing local real estate brokers/agents, and salespeople, which provides services to its members and maintains and operates an MLS system in the community.
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Term
The actual life of a mortgage contract—from six months to ten years -- at the end of which the mortgage becomes due and payable unless the lender renews the mortgage for another term (See Amortization).
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Seller's Agent
The Seller's Agent represents the seller—either as a Listing Agent under the listing agreement with the seller or by cooperating as a Sub-Agent, typically through the MLS system. In dealing with prospective buyers—customers—the Seller's Agent can provide a variety of information and services to assist the buyer in his/her decision-making. The Seller's Agent does not represent the buyer.
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Variable-rate Mortgage
A mortgage in which payments are fixed, but the interest rate moves in response to trends. If interest rates go up, a larger portion of your payment goes to the interest; if rates go down, more goes to cover the principal.